Studies of plant-pathogen interactions at the molecular level Stess-induced DNA changes in plants Reproductive biology of seed plants The isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants Seed science Development of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum and its practical use Studies on the ephemerals of Namakwaland Phytosociology, vegetation dynamics and conservation of the arid areas of southern Africa Phytosociology of the grassland and savanna biomes of South Africa Systematics, biogeography and utilisation of the southern African flora Production of disease tolerant forest trees The isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants Plant population and vegetation dynamics