This research area has three sub-fields, namely Reproductive Cell Biology, Contact Dermatitis and Histological techniques that are all connected with each other by the central theme, cell culture. The Reproductive Cell Biology area focuses on male infertility (e.g. decondensation ability of spermatozoa) and external factors influencing cervical cell growth and viability. The Contact Dermatitis area focuses on the effects of external factors such as latex, other allergy promoting molecules as well as the water quality of South Africa on cells in culture. The Histological Techniques area concentrates on the development and utilisation of the Electron Microscope, the Reflex Miscroscope and Digital Equipment to study cells in culture.